Brazilian biologists, in conjunction with the Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, have performed a worldwide phylogeographical study of the X chromosome by examining a haplotype block on a region of X chromosome where recombination is rare. Their findings, published in PLoS One, support currently accepted theories of a single origin of modern humans in Africa within the last 195,000 years, as well as migration out of Africa about 55,000 to 65,000 years ago.