Researchers in France this week identify a germline missense substitution in MITF, Mi-E318K, that "occurred at a significantly higher frequency" in patients affected with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, or both, compared with controls. "Overall, Mi-E318K carriers had a higher than fivefold increased risk of developing melanoma, RCC or both cancers," the authors write in a paper published online in advance in Nature.