A report from the National Science Foundation says that women who apply for tenure-track slots in math and science have a small edge over their male counterparts, but, as Scientific American points out, that's only for the women who apply. The study finds that though women are 32 percent of new PhDs, they only make up 18 percent of tenure-track applicants. And for those women who do become tenured faculty, they make about eight percent less than their male colleagues.