This Week in Nature

October 25, 2012

Type size: - +
Login or register to post comments
Email
Printer-friendly version
RSS Feed

In Nature this week, scientists from Uppsala University report on the sequencing of the genomes of two species of flycatchers, providing insights into the divergence of the birds' lineages and speciation in general. As lineages diverge, a combination of reproductive isolation barriers arises. Little is known about the genetic basis of speciation, and the "identity, number, and effect size of loci involved in population divergence, their genomic distribution, and the type of mutations involved" remains unclear. In their study, the investigators offer new details about the genetics of species divergence, and find that targets for selection are not only individual genes but also discrete regions of the genome. Daily Scan's sister publication GenomeWeb Daily News has more on this study here.

Also in Nature, Garvin Institute of Medical Research investigators publish data from a genetic analysis of early-stage pancreatic cancer patients, uncovering novel drivers of the disease including mutations in genes not previously implicated in the cancer, but now linked to disease progression and patient survival. The findings suggest that "a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular pathophysiology of the clinical disease is needed to advance the development of effective therapeutic and early detection strategies." GWDN also covers this project here.

Most Viewed
Most Emailed
Blog

The Daily Scan
Blunt Cuts
The Daily Scan
The Classroom Within
The Daily Scan
The DNA Sell
The Daily Scan
This Week in Science
The Daily Scan
Microbiome Battleground

GenomeWebinars

Advances in Single-Cell Genomics: Live Cell RNA and Circulating miRNA Detection

Sponsor: EMD Millipore

Data presented in this webinar illustrates the value of live cell analysis at the single-cell level to identify differences in expression levels across populations of cells. The cells remain intact for downstream analysis. Our experts also discuss the use of SmartFlare RNA detection probes for the direct quantification of circulating miRNAs with rapid processing of blood plasma/serum, which is done without the use of enzymes. Using circulating miRNAs with established roles in cancer and quality control, we can accurately detect these miRNAs in plasma using a microplate fluorometer within an hour after plasma preparation.

On-demand recording is available here.

Optimization of NGS Library Preparation: Low Inputs and Fast, Streamlined Workflows

Sponsor: New England Biolabs

Library preparation methods continue to be challenged by the requirement for faster and more efficient protocols, using lower input amounts. In this online seminar, recorded Feb. 7, 2013, experts discuss new approaches to tackle these challenges, particularly for bacterial and exome sequencing.

Available here.
Young Investigator Profile

Nicholas Tatonetti

Assistant Professor
Columbia University

New Computational Tools to Study Drug Effects

Studying for a dual degree in mathematics and molecular biology, Nick Tatonetti became interested in using computational models to study biology and make sense of its massive datasets. As a bioinformatics PhD student at Stanford, he developed new statistical models and computational approaches for analyzing drug effects and drug-drug interactions.

At Columbia, Tatonetti is now focusing on molecular mechanisms of drugs. "We can actually think of each time a patient is being given a drug as an experiment," he says. "When the drug goes into the human system, it interacts molecularly, and then phenotypes come out of this system," which can be connected to molecular mechanisms in new ways.

In particular, he is developing techniques that use clinical data to develop networks that highlight interactions between different systems in the human body, such as two organs.
Blog

The Classroom Within

Students use information gleaned through a personal genomics course to change their behavior.

May 24, 2013

Microbiome Battleground

By attacking bacteria, bacteriophages may help keep organisms healthy.

May 24, 2013

The DNA Sell

A company is looking into DNA-based marketing.

May 24, 2013

This Week in Science

In Science this week: breast cancer protein linked to DNA replication, lung cancer signature, and more.

May 24, 2013
Papers of Note

High-resolution transcriptome maps reveal strain-specific regulatory features of multiple Campylobacter jejuni isolates
Dugar, Herbig, et al. PLOS Genetics

The University of Würzburg's Cynthia Sharma and colleagues undertook a transcriptomics-based analysis of the gastroenteritis-causing bacterial species Campylobacter jejuni. The team used its so-called differential RNA sequencing strategy to sequence and compare the transcriptomes of four C. jejuni isolates (three from humans and one from a chicken), applying a new method to automatically annotate transcription start sites in each. "Overall," they write, "our study provides new insights into strain-specific transcriptome organization and [small RNAs], and reveals genes that could modulate phenotypic variation among strains despite high conservation at the DNA level."

Mosaic genome structure of the barley powdery mildew pathogen and conservation of transcriptional programs in divergent hosts
Hacquard, Kracher, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

The barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) pathogen genome is comprised of chunks of sequence that are particularly rich or replete in polymorphisms, according to a study by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research. The team sequenced the genomes of two Bgh isolates from Europe, comparing each to the barley powdery mildew reference genome. The newly sequenced isolates each contained distinct combinations of sequence blocks with high or low SNP concentrations — isolate-specific mosaic genomes that point to "exceptionally large standing genetic variation in the Bgh population," study authors say. Meanwhile, their transcriptome sequencing experiments offered a look at genes used by Bgh during attempted infiltration of barley or immunocompromised Arabidopsis.
People on the Move

Kevin Hrusovsky is resigning his post at PerkinElmer as senior VP and president of the Life Science and Technology division. Hrusovsky will serve as a consultant to the company for up to one year, beginning in June. He joined PerkinElmer through the company's acquisition of Caliper Life Sciences, where he was CEO and president.

Hologic has appointed former Beckman Coulter head Scott Garrett to its board of directors, where he will serve on the corporate development committee.
Garrett currently is an operating partner with Water Street Healthcare Partners, a private equity firm. Garrett spent 10 years at Beckman Coulter, where he was chairman, president, and CEO.

Gina Costa is now senior director of genomic applications at Illumina. She joins Illumina from Life Technologies, where she was senior director of genetic analysis, working on development of the Ion Torrent and SOLiD sequencing technologies. She has also held positions at Agencourt Bioscience and Roche's 454 Life Sciences.

Bioinformatics firm Golden Helix has hired Andreas Scherer to be its new president and CEO. Scherer has managed large global software services businesses, and he started his executive career at AOL/Netscape. He will replace Former CEO Christophe Lambert, who will take on the new role of company chairman.
Upcoming Events

Conferences, Meetings & Deadlines

National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research meeting
May 20-21 / Rockville, Md.
National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research

2013 ASCO Annual Meeting: Building Bridges to Conquer Cancer
May 31-Jun 4 / Chicago
American Society of Clinical Oncology

European Human Genetics Conference 2013
Jun 8-11 / Paris
European Society of Human Genetics

ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry
Jun 9-13 / Minneapolis
American Society for Mass Spectrometry

International Meeting on Cell-Free DNA
Jun 20-21 / Copenhagen
Copenhagen University Hospital

Abstract & Registration Deadlines

more

Science
An international team has sequenced the genome of the carnivorous bladderwort plant, Utricularia gibba. Their findings suggest that the carnivorous plant has ditched virtually all its non-coding DNA, retaining a set of sequences that's almost exclusively genic. "What that says is that you can have a perfectly good multicellular plant with lots of different cells, organs, tissue types and flowers, and you can do it without the ['junk' DNA]," said co-corresponding author Victor Albert.
Business
Agilent Technologies announced a restructuring program expected to reduce its headcount by about 450 employees and save the company $50 million annually in operating expenses. CEO Bill Sullivan said that the focus of the restructuring will be on Agilent's Electronic Measurement Group and that the company will explore opportunities "to streamline our organization around the world." The firm also announced that its Q2 revenues were flat year over year.
Funding
The US Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute has funded six new initiatives to develop technologies that will help JGI and its users conduct their research efforts into microbiology, metagenomics, and plant genomics. The projects will be supported under the Emerging Technologies Opportunity Program with a total of around $3.5 million over the next two years. Among the researchers receiving funding are Stephen Quake and Jay Shendure.
GenomeWebinars
GenomeWebinar: Advances in Single-Cell Genomics: Live Cell RNA and Circulating miRNA Detection

Sponsor: EMD Millipore

GenomeWeb and EMD Millipore invite you to view an archived webinar discussing new approaches to detect RNA at the single-cell level as well as new probes for the direct quantification of circulating miRNAs. In this free online seminar, recorded April 25, 2013, our expert panel shares protocols for improved RNA and miRNA detection.

On-demand recording available here.

Search

This Week in Nature

GenomeWebinars

Young Investigator Profile

Blog

Papers of Note

People on the Move

Upcoming Events

Science

Business

Funding

GenomeWebinars

TechGuides Listings

Poll