Connection Between Epigenome, Selective Mutability, Evolution, and Human Disease
Li, Harris et al., PLoS Genetics
Researchers at the Baylor College of Medicine and elsewhere propose a "connection between the epigenome, selective mutability, evolution, and human disease" based on the findings of their study on associations of structural mutability with germline DNA methylation and with non-allelic homologous recombination mediated by low-copy repeats. "Combined evidence from four human sperm methylome maps, human genome evolution, structural polymorphisms in the human population, and previous genomic and disease studies consistently points to a strong association of germline hypomethylation and genomic instability," the Baylor-led team writes.
This Week in Modern Pathology
Researchers led by Robert Odze at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston report on their clinical and pathological analysis of Crohn's disease in Modern Pathology. The researchers compared patients with colonic Crohn's disease and those with colonic and ileal Crohn's disease. "Patients with isolated colonic Crohn's disease at initial presentation show distinct clinical and pathological features compared with the colon of patients who present with both ileal and colonic involvement," the authors write, adding that "further studies should be conducted to determine whether the histology of the colon in patients with colonic Crohn's disease is related to the development of malignancy, molecular phenotype, and specific outcome, on a prospective basis."
University of Minnesota Medical School's Youngki Kim and his colleagues describe their study of laminin isoform expression in diabetic neuropathy and other renal diseases in an advance, online Modern Pathology article. They found that α5, β2 and γ1 chains — which are part of the glomerular basement membrane — are over-expressed in diabetic nephropathy kidneys. "The alterations in basement membrane composition in various renal diseases seem to not only reflect the balance between synthesis and degradation of normal basement membrane constituents, but also the aberrant new expression of basement membrane molecules," Kim and his colleagues say. "Thus, tissue remodeling may incorporate both an increase of normal constituents and emergence of abnormal constituents during disease exemplified by diabetes."