Human Genetic Variation Alters Anthrax Toxin Sensitivity
Martchenko, Candille et al., PNAS
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine show that genetic variation affecting capillary morphogenesis gene 2, or CMG2, dramatically alters toxin sensitivity in humans. In its analysis, the team reports on "a CMG2 single-nucleotide polymorphism occurring frequently in African and European populations [that they found] independently altered toxin uptake." The group goes on to suggest "testing of genomically characterized human cell populations may offer a broadly useful strategy for elucidating effects of genetic variation on infectious disease susceptibility."
Cancer Run-Down
The cancer labs of Elizabeth Blackburn, Chad Mirkin, and Elaine Mardis and Rick Wilson get shout-outs in three US News & World Report articles. Blackburn is looking to exploit cancer cells' use of telomerase to engineer a way to kill the cells; she is also intrigued by lifestyle influences, such as exercise and nutrition, on telomerase levels. Mirkin's lab has developed nanoparticles that change color when they come in contact with certain proteins, such as ones associated with heart attack or prostate cancer. Finally, Mardis and Wilson are planning to sequence 150 cancer patients, focusing on people with leukemia, breast cancer, and lung cancers with the hope of finding what makes the tumors different so that tailored treatments can then be developed.